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Historic Status

It took a long time before Massachusetts residents determined that Chimney Swifts were not, in fact, swallows. In 1839, the Massachusetts Zoological and Botanical Survey (Peabody 1839) reported that the species “formerly, when the country was unsettled, made its nest and place of resort in hollow trees; but having discovered that chimneys have an advantage over those wild tenements, and that a great proportion of them are not in use in the summer, it has now become familiar with man, and abounds in almost all the towns and villages in the country.” As industrialization boomed, so, too, did Chimney Swifts. A horrific tragedy struck the population in 1903 when torrential June rains left bushels of Chimney Swifts dead at the bases of factory chimneys throughout eastern Massachusetts, an event from which they recovered about a decade later (Forbush 1927). Still, their familiarity came with gaps. National Geographic invited assistance in the early twentieth century, by stating, “Any bird lover may secure distinction by solving an ornithological riddle and telling us where our chimney swifts spend the winter. They come in spring, they go in fall and at present that is about all we know of the matter” (Henshaw 1914).

Atlas 1 Distribution

Chimney Swifts were widespread during the Atlas 1 period. The Taconic Mountains had breeding evidence in three-quarters of all blocks, and the Marble Valleys had swifts in every single block. Signs of breeding Chimney Swifts were found in roughly three-quarters of the blocks in each ecoregion, with lowest numbers in the Berkshire Transition, and the Worcester and Lower Worcester Plateaus. Numbers increased through the Coastal Plains and Bristol/Narragansett Lowlands, but the Boston Basin had several notable misses. Cape Cod and the Islands reported less than 50% block occupancy – the only region to do so in Atlas 1, though Chimney Swifts were nonetheless present throughout this zone.

Atlas 2 Distribution and Change

Chimney Swifts were still widely distributed in Atlas 2, although some areas of the state reported declines in breeding activity. The Taconic Mountains and Marble Valleys, both heavily occupied in Atlas 1, lost Chimney Swifts in 10 blocks combined. The decline was even steeper in the Berkshire Highlands, where Chimney Swifts were not found in 15 blocks overall. Similarly, the species was newly absent from 8 blocks overall in the Lower Berkshire Hills. Moving eastward, however, Chimney Swift breeding distribution was stable or even increasing. Gains outstripped losses in the Worcester Plateau regions, and the Connecticut River Valley didn’t lose Chimney Swifts in a single block. Always happy to live alongside humanity, Chimney Swifts also increased their breeding presence in the Coastal Plains and the Boston Basin. The Bristol/Narragansett Lowlands region both gained and lost Chimney Swifts in 15 blocks, but Cape Cod and the Islands posted a negative trend overall. Using our most well covered blocks during Atlas 1 and Atlas 2, overall Chimney Swifts modestly increased and remained stable in 548 blocks, were lost from 92 blocks, and colonized 108 blocks.

Atlas 1 Map

Atlas 2 Map

Atlas Change Map