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Red maple leaves with foliage
Red Maple © Renee Sack

Meet The Maples

March 01, 2023

It’s maple sugar season: that time of year when we tap trees for their sweet sap, and boil it down to make syrup and other treats.

The star of the show is the famous sugar maple (Acer saccharum), but you can spot many other equally stunning maples in Massachusetts.

Maple Tree Basics

Before you go looking for maples, here are some general tips. First, keep an eye out for opposite branches. All maples have buds, leaves, and branches that appear in pairs opposite each other. Only a few other trees, including ashes and dogwoods, share this pattern. Combining this observation with other clues such as bark texture and habitat can help you identify maples before their leaves appear.

You might also see trees outfitted with sap collection buckets that aren’t sugar maples. Other maple trees can produce tasty sap, though they’re not usually as popular for sugaring as sugar maples (some are less sweet or less abundant, for example).

Meet the Maples

Silver Maple Trees
Silver Maple Trees at Canoe Meadows © Christian Marks

Silver Maple (Acer saccharinum) 

This beautiful tree is named for the silvery underside of its many-pointed leaves. Find it growing on floodplains, often near fiddlehead-bearing ostrich ferns or in urban areas, where it’s a common street tree. Older silver maples, which can be 70 feet tall, have shaggy bark.

Red maple leaves with foliage
Red Maple © Renee Sack

Red Maple (Acer rubrum) 

This tree lives up to its name: the leaf stalks are red, the leaves turn red in fall, and even the twigs are red. It’s also a true survivor—it grows as far south as Florida and north as Quebec, and in urban settings, upland forests, swamps, and many other habitats.

Green mountain maple leaves
Mountain Maple ©Flickr/Per Verdonk

Mountain Maple (Acer spicatum) 

This is a small maple that likes moist forests. Its leaves are smaller and more jagged than the striped maple’s. The bark is brown and the twigs are red. People sometimes say it looks like a rugged mountain man.

Norway maple leaves
Norway Maple © Richard Gardner, Bugwood.org

Norway Maple (Acer platanoides) 

This species has been introduced from Europe and Asia. It tolerates pollution, drought, and other hazards of urban areas, and its broad leaves shade out other plants, making it a threat to our native trees. Its bark is patterned with small ridges. If you crush its leaves or stems, you’ll find a surprise: a milky white sap. People have bred many color variants—if you see a maple with purplish-red leaves, chances are it’s a Norway maple. Learn more about Norway Maples

Tree bark with vertical striping
Striped Maple Tree ©Art Poskanzer

Striped Maple (Acer pensylvanicum)

This small tree has big, 3-lobed leaves. Its most memorable feature is the bark of younger trees, which has elegant vertical stripes of green, grey, and brown. Look for it in moist woods.

Sugar Maple leaves with foliage
Sugar Maple © Derrick Jackson

Sugar Maple (Acer saccharum)

Sugar Maples produce the best sap for sugaring because the sap has a higher concentration of sugar than other maple species, typically around 2%, but can vary from tree to tree and according to season. The final sugar content of maple syrup is 66–67 percent. 

Maple Sugaring

Come late winter, with nights below freezing and the days mild, maple trees across the state begin to flow with sap. There are 13 species of maple trees native to North America, and only four of those species can be tapped: Silver, Red, Black, and Sugar maples. Norway maples, which are not native, can also be tapped. Every year, Massachusetts produces 50,000–60,000 gallons of maple syrup. To produce one gallon of syrup, 40–50 gallons of raw sugar maple sap needs to be collected.

Learn More About Maple Sugaring

Upcoming Maple Sugaring Programs

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