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Cook & Watson, 1907

Wingspan: 3/4-1". Can be told from other elfins by the extent of gray "hoary" shading along outer edge of wings beneath. Only the Hoary Elfin has gray along the outer edge of the forewing beneath. Gray shading on hindwings much more extensive than in other elfins, covering outer third of hindwing.  Compare especially Frosted Elfin.

Eastern Alaska southeastward through central Canada to northern Ontario and Nova Scotia; south to northern tier of states and extending further south in Rockies to New Mexico and in Appalachians to Virginia. In New England, occurs north to central Vermont, northern New Hampshire, and central Maine.

Massachusetts Hoary Elfins are limited to dry sandy or rocky regions in which the food plant, Bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva ursi) grows. The species occurs with some frequency in Barnstable and Plymouth Counties; very local or overlooked elsewhere in the Commonwealth. Historically confused with other elfins. Farquhar thought Waltham and Cape Cod records were "probably correct". One record from Martha‘s Vineyard. Maximum: 27, Plymouth (Plymouth Co.), 19 May 1992.

Single flight, typically late April to mid May. Extreme dates: 26 April 1991, Plymouth (T. Dodd and B. Cassie) and 23 May 1994, Plymouth (Plymouth Co.), R. Walton, R. Forster, D. Diggins.

Bearberry (Arctostaphylus uva ursi) is the only documented food plant, though Trailing Arbutus (Epigaea repens) is possibly an alternative at some sites.

Bearberry and blueberry flowers are primary nectaring sources and were the only flowers noted during the Atlas period.

On, over, or very near the food plant, which grows in sandplains and rocky uplands.

EGG: Greenish white; turban shaped. OVIPOSITION: Eggs laid singly, on or near flower buds of host plant. LARVA: Slug-shaped; early instar larvae are yellowish-green and blend with the host plant flowers; more mature larvae, feeding after the flowers have faded, are darker green and camouflaged on the Bearberry foliage. CHRYSALIS: Light to dark brown and rounded. OVERWINTERING STAGE: Chrysalis.

Brian Cassie

Read more on this species at the North American Butterfly Association.